两种方法染色处理速生杨木单板

采用热浸法和冷压法对速生杨木单板进行染色处理,利用紫外可见分光光度计研究染液质量分数、染色时间、染色温度及助剂等因素对速生杨木单板染色效果的影响.结果表明:两种方式对速生杨木单板进行染色处理都取得了较好的上染率,而热浸法的染色效果较冷压法要好.     

4类染料对棕榈藤藤材上染率的研究

选用活性染料、直接染料、碱性染料和酸性染料对单叶省藤Calamus simplicifoli和黄藤Daemonorops margaritae藤材染色,研究4类染料对藤皮、藤材的上染性,及其影响藤材染色上染率的因素和工艺。结果表明：4类染料可对藤片上染;藤皮经打磨和酸、碱处理后,也不能使它们上染。各染料染色藤材最佳条件：①活性染料质量分数为5.0 g·kg^－1,染色时间2 h,染色温度40 ℃。② 直接染料：直接耐酸大红4BS质量分数为9.0 g·kg^－1,直接湖蓝5B为7.0 ～ 9.0 g·kg^－1;染色时间2 h,染色温度40 ℃。③碱性染料：碱性品红质量分数为9.0 g·kg^－1,碱性嫩黄O为5.0 g·kg^－1;染色时间2 h;染色温度70 ℃;④酸性染料：酸性大红GR质量分数为7.0 g·kg^－1,酸性嫩黄2G为9.0 g·kg^－1,染色时间2 h,染色温度70 ℃。同类不同种染料间藤材上染率进行比较,酸性嫩黄2G＞酸性大红GR;活性嫩黄X-6G＞活性艳红X-3B;碱性品红＞碱性嫩黄O;直接耐酸大红4B＞直接湖蓝5B。图3参21     

园林手工制图转化为电脑制图的探讨

通过对手工制图与电脑制图优缺点进行比较,并且对描图、制图两种基本方法的具体论述,详细阐述了将手工制图转化为电脑制图的途径和基本方法,旨在提高园林制图的准确性与制图速度。     

漆酶/ABTS介质系统对蒽醌染料的脱色效果

为提高蒽醌类染料废水的脱色率,以红芝(Ganoderma lucidum)发酵所得漆酶粗酶液与ABTS组成漆酶/ABTS介质系统对蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R进行了脱色试验,分别考察不同pH、温度、ABTS加入量、酶加入量、金属离子等条件对活性艳蓝KN-R脱色的影响.结果表明:最优脱色条件为pH4.0,温度30℃,ABTS...     

鹫峰国家森林公园不同林分下土壤优先流现象研究

优先流是土壤中普遍存在的一种水分和溶质运移现象,为初步了解土石山区植被下的土壤水分运动,用亮蓝野外染色示踪试验研究了位于北京西北部的鹫峰国家森林公园不同林分下土壤中的优先流。从染色结果来看:在3种不同林分下的土壤中均存在较明显的优先流现象,且不同林分下土壤优先流的表现形式不同。染色面积的百分比显示了示踪剂在剖面上的分布,反映出部分水分通过优先流直接进入到土壤下层。优先流的存在对土石山区降雨条件下的水文过程产生重要影响。     

基于投影寻踪的模糊综合评价模型研究及应用

依据建立的水资源可持续利用的分级标准在各等级取值范围内随机生成数据作为样本,采用投影寻踪的思想优化投影方向,得到客观权重,并与层次分析法得到的主观权重相结合,建立了基于投影寻踪的模糊综合评价模型,并将模型应用于海南省水资源可持续利用综合评价。结果表明,该模型计算简便,评价结果可信度较高。     

Theory and approach to reactive power flow tracing

Based on an analysis of the characteristics of reactive power supplies and reactive loads, this paper presents a method for forming a lossless reactive network using an equivalent technique of modeling the branch admittance as a reactive power supply and the branch power loss as a virtual load. A downstream distribution matrix for a power system is constructed based on its reactive lossless network, and the analytical model and its algorithm for tracing reactive power flow (TRPF) is proposed. A method dealing with the abnormal downstream distribution matrix of active power flow also is discussed. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the matrix theory is used to analyze the TRPF model directly and no assumption on the flow distribution is needed. Case studies of the IEEE14 Bus and IEEE30 Bus systems demonstrate the accuracy and the validity of the proposed method.     

A psychophysical approach to color sensory evaluation of yellowish natural dye fabrics

The objectives of this study were to evaluate color sensation for yellowish natural dye fabrics using magnitude estimation to determine physical colorimetric factors significantly related to human sensibility by establishing power function in psychophysical analysis. Fourteen different yellowish fabrics dyed with natural colorants were selected as stimuli. Subjective color sensations including brightness, heaviness, softness, strength, warmth, activeness, classicalness, femininity, and pleasantness for each stimulus were subjectively evaluated by using fixed magnitude estimation. As results, yellowish natural dye fabrics in general seemed to evoke feeling of brightness, femininity, and pleasantness more strongly than that of heaviness and classicalness. Most of color sensations were significantly related with more than one of physical color properties, which leads to establishing reliable power functions between them. Color lightness, L* was found as a dominant physical attribute which affects subjective sensation such as brightness, femininity, and pleasantness. Subjective activeness was explained by physical yellowness, b*, whereas both strength and classicalness were by color saturation, C* even though it described strength positively while it did classicalness negatively. In the power functions, these relationships could be utilized to design color-sensible natural dye textiles.     

Eco-friendly dyeing of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) with temporarily solubilized azo disperse dyes based on pyridone derivatives

Dispersant-free PTT dyeing of temporarily solubilized azo disperse dyes based on pyridone moiety which contain β-sulfatoethylsulfonyl group was investigated. The dyes were successfully applied to PTT without the use of dispersants. The color yields of the dyes on PTT fabric were dependent on dyeing pH as well as dyeing temperature. The optimum results were obtained at pH 5–6 and 110 °C. The dyes showed alkali-clearing property and exhibited good to excellent fastness on the PTT fabric. The COD levels of the dyeing effluent from the temporarily solubilized disperse dyes were much smaller than those from commercial disperse dye.     

西汉水流域典型林草地侵蚀特征分析

为了说明西汉水流域典型林草地的侵蚀特征,为农业工程和流域治理提供依据,采用137Cs土壤侵蚀核素示踪技术,按野外采样、核素检测、模型计算三步开展研究。结果表明,6个本底区域的137Cs面积活度为1 600～2 402 Bq/m2,平均值为2 022 Bq/m2;本底区域和未扰动的林草地,剖面核素活度随深度呈指数递减分布;采样荒草地为轻度侵蚀,林地为沉积或无明显流失,退耕还林用地为中度侵蚀;侵蚀强度：林草地＜荒草地＜退耕还林用地;对于同坡面的不同坡位,侵蚀强度：坡面上部＞中部＞下部;植被发育程度影响侵蚀量的大小,对于同一土地利用类型,通常植被覆盖度越高,侵蚀速率越小,反之侵蚀速率越大。